284 research outputs found
Tasa cardíaca y sintomatología en mujeres con infarto de miocardio
En el presente trabajo se intenta establecer si alguno de los componentes dei clásico Patrón
de Conducta Tipo A (PCTA) puede seguir siendo utilizado con alguna credibilidad a la hora de localizar el
eventual riesgo de trastomo coronario. La muestra estuvo conformada por mujeres que habían sufrido un infarto
de miocardio. Utilizando el Factor S del Jenkins Activity Survey, se formaron dos grupos de mujeres: con alta y
baja puntuación. A todas se les registro la tasa cardíaca durante una prueba de esfuerzo, midiendo, además, la
incidência sintomatológica diversa a lo largo de tres meses tras la alta en el Hospital. Nuestros resultados nos
permiten sugerir que el Factor S del JAS, que mide prisa e impaciência, parece un critério apropiado para investigar
el riesgo de enfermedad coronaria. Así, Ias mujeres que puntuaron alto en este factor mostraban perfiles
psicofisiológicos específicos cartacterizados por la lenta recuperación tras la tarea o fase de esfuerzo. Además,
estas mujeres experimentaron una mayor incidência de sintomas psicológicos. Se discute que Ias mujeres Tipo A
parecen encontrarse más sensibilizadas en la percepción de Ias situaciones de estrés, y sus conseqüências.The present work tries to settle down if some of the components of Type A Behavior
Pattern (TABP) can be used with some credibility to locate an eventual risk of coronary dysfunction. The sample
was composed by women that had suffered a myocardial infarct. Using the S Factor of the Jenkins Activity
Survey, two groups of women were formed: with high and low score. To all these women the heart rate during a
test of effort was measured, and also, the incidence of diverse symptoms along three months after the hospital
depart. Our results allow us to suggest that the Factor S of the JAS, which measures speed and impatience, seems
an appropriate approach to investigate the risk of coronary illness. So, the women that punctuated high in this
factor showed specific psychophysiological profiles, in which a slow recovery after the effort phase was observed.
Also, these women experienced a higher incidence of psychological symptoms. This fact makes us suggest that
Type A women seem to be more sensitive in the perception of the stress situations
Efectos redistributivos de las subvenciones al transporte público en áreas urbanas
El objetivo de este artículo es evaluar los efectos redistributivos derivados de las subvenciones al transporte público tomando como unidad de análisis a las familias. La fuente de datos es la Encuesta de Presupuestos Familiares 1990-91. Dado que la subvención consiste en una cantidad fija por billete comprado, cabe postular que la subvención recibida es proporcional al gasto efectuado en transporte público. Por ello, se estima una relación entre gasto en transporte público y nivel de renta que permite calcular los efectos redistributivos. No obstante, para solventar el problema de falta de representatividad muestral de la EPF para determinados colectivos, el análisis utiliza una aproximación indirecta a través de la estimación de una función de gasto que discurre en dos fases. La primera es la decisión de gastar o no gastar, que se cuantifica a través de un modelo de elección discreta y, la segunda, evalúa la cantidad gastada por medio de una ecuación de regresión continua. Estas modelizaciones parciales se integran en un modelo cuasi recursivo que se simula conjuntamente y permite evaluar distintas situaciones hipotéticas para una familia tipo. La conclusión global es que las subvenciones al transporte –en ausencia de efectos adversos sobre la eficiencia- tienen efectos progresivos, dado que representan una mayor proporción de la renta para las decilas inferiores. Este efecto es más acentuado en las grandes ciudades de Madrid y Barcelona.efectos redistributivos, subvenciones transporte urbano, ecuaciones de gasto.
A New Methodology for Bridge Inspections in Linear Infrastructures from Optical Images and HD Videos Obtained by UAV
Many bridges and other structures worldwide present a lack of maintenance or a need for rehabilitation. The first step in the rehabilitation process is to perform a bridge inspection to know the bridge′s current state. Routine bridge inspections are usually based only on visual recognition. In this paper, a methodology for bridge inspections in communication routes using images acquired by unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) flights is proposed. This provides access to the upper parts of the structure safely and without traffic disruptions. Then, a standardized and systematized novel image acquisition protocol is applied for data acquisition. Afterwards, the images are studied by civil engineers for damage identification and description. Then, specific structural inspection forms are completed using the acquired information. Recommendations about the need of new and more detailed inspections should be included at this stage when needed. The suggested methodology was tested on two railway bridges in France. Image acquisition of these structures was performed using an UAV for its ability to provide an expert assessment of the damage level. The main advantage of this method is that it makes it possible to safely accurately identify diverse damages in structures without the need for a specialised engineer to go to the site. Moreover, the videos can be watched by as many engineers as needed with no personal movement. The main objective of this work is to describe the systematized methodology for the development of bridge inspection tasks using a UAV system. According to this proposal, the in situ inspection by a specialised engineer is replaced by images and videos obtained from an UAV flight by a trained flight operator. To this aim, a systematized image/videos acquisition method is defined for the study of the morphology and typology of the structural elements of the inspected bridges. Additionally, specific inspection forms are proposed for every type of structural element. The recorded information will allow structural engineers to perform a postanalysis of the damage affecting the bridges and to evaluate the subsequent recommendations.This research was funded by the Shift2Rail Joint Undertaking under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program, with grant agreement No 777630, project MOMIT, “Multiscale Observation and Monitoring of railway Infrastructure Threats”
Funcionamiento psicofisiológico y susceptibilidad a la sintomatología premenstrual en mujeres Tipo A y Tipo B
El presente trabajo se centra en explorar el papel que juega el componente
emocional del Patrón de Conducta Tipo A (PCTA) en diversas áreas relacionadas
con la salud. En este contexto nuestra investigación desarrolla dos objetivos diferenciados.
El primero trata de constatar la relación entre determinadas características del
PCTA y el mecanismo psicofisiológico en una tarea experimental de estrés real (situación
de examen), considerando si existen diferencias entre los dos grupos de personas,
Tipo A y Tipo B, tanto en la dimensión tónica como en la dimensión fásica de la tasa
cardiaca. El segundo de nuestros objetivos trata de establecer la relación existente entre
determinadas características del PCTA y la experiencia de sintomatología relacionada
con el ciclo menstrual, considerando tanto la sintomatología premenstrual global, como
la sintomatología premenstrual específica, diferenciando tres grandes grupos de síntomas:
fisiológicos, psicológicos y conductuales. La muestra final estuvo conformada por
28 mujeres Tipo A y 29 mujeres Tipo B. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron el inventario de Actividad de Jenkins (JAS), el calendario menstrual de síntomas de registro
diario (CMSRD) y un polígrafo que permitió registrar la tasa cardiaca. En cuanto a
nuestro primer objetivo, los datos hacen pensar en la existencia de distintos perfiles
psicofisiológicos en ambos grupos de mujeres; en el segundo objetivo, parece que las
mujeres Tipo A experimentan de forma clara más síntomas psicológicos que las mujeres
Tipo B.The present investigation centers on exploring the implication that the
emotional component of Type A Behavior Pattern (TABP) holds on health. In our study,
two differentiated objectives were proposed. Our first objective was to verify the
relationship between certain TABP characteristics and the psychophysiological mechanism
in an experimental task of real stress (exam situation). Eventual differences between
two groups of people, Type A and Type B, were analyzed considering the tonic and
phasic heart rate dimensions. Our second objective was to establish the relationship
between certain PCTA characteristics and the experience of symptoms related with the
menstrual cycle. In this case, differences between Type A and Type B women were
analyzed considering the global, psychological, physiological, and behavioral premenstrual
symptoms. The final sample consisted of 28 Type A and 29 Type B women. The
Jenkins Activity Survey (JAS), the menstrual calendar of symptoms of daily recording
(MCSDR) and a polygraph which detected, measured, and registered heart rate were
used. Data dealing with the first objective showed differences between two groups of
women. Different psychophysiological profiles appeared for each group. Data for the
second objective showed that Type A women suffer a significantly higher incidence of
psychological symptoms.O presente trabalho centra-se na exploração do papel que a componente
emocional do Padrão de comportamento tipo A (PCTA) tem em diversas áreas relacionadas
com a saúde. Neste contexto a nossa investigação prossegue dois objectivos
diferenciados. O primeiro procura analisar a relação entre determinadas características
do PCTA e o mecanismo psicofisiológico numa tarefa experimental de stress real (situação
de exame), considerando se existem diferenças entre os dois grupos de pessoas, Tipo
A e Tipo B, tanto na dimensão tónica como na dimensão fásica da frequência cardíaca.
O segundo dos nossos objectivos procura estabelecer a relação existente entre determinadas
características do PCTA e a experiência de sintomatologia relacionada com o
ciclo menstrual, considerando tanto a sintomatologia pré-menstrual global, como a
sintomatologia pré-menstrual específica, diferenciando três grandes grupos de sintomas:
fisiológicos, psicológicos e comportamentais. A nossa amostra final é formada por 28
mulheres Tipo A e 29 mulheres Tipo B. Os instrumentos utilizados foram o inventário
de Actividade de Jenkins (JAS), o calendário menstrual de sintomas de registro diário
(CMSRD) e um polígrafo que permitiu registar a frequência cardíaca. Quanto ao nosso primeiro objectivo, os dados sugerem a existência de distintos perfis psicofisiológicos
em ambos os grupos de mulheres; em relação ao segundo objectivo, parece que as
mulheres Tipo A experimentam de forma clara mais sintomas psicológicos que as
mulheres Tipo B
Synchronization of multihop wireless sensor networks at the application layer
Time synchronization is a key issue in wireless
sensor networks; timestamping collected
data, tasks scheduling, and efficient communications
are just some applications. From all the
existing techniques to achieve synchronization,
those based on precisely time-stamping sync
messages are the most accurate. However, working
with standard protocols such as Bluetooth or
ZigBee usually prevents the user from accessing
lower layers and consequently reduces accuracy.
A receiver-to-receiver schema improves timestamping
performance because it eliminates the
largest non-deterministic error at the sender’s
side: the medium access time. Nevertheless, utilization
of existing methods in multihop networks
is not feasible since the amount of extra
traffic required is excessive. In this article, we
present a method that allows accurate synchronization
of large multihop networks, working at
the application layer while keeping the message
exchange to a minimum. Through an extensive
experimental study, we evaluate the protocol’s
performance and discuss the factors that influence
synchronization accuracy the most.Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología TIN2006-15617-C0
Black-start capability of PV power plants through a grid-forming control based on reactive power synchronization
Power system restoration is a critical process for any power system. As synchronous generators are being replaced by power electronic converters used in renewable energy generation, the contribution of renewable energy power plants to power system restoration (PSR) after a black-out is becoming more relevant, the so-called black start capability. Existing solutions for providing black start capability to photovoltaic (PV) power plants rely on the use of energy storage systems (ESS) in a hybrid PV plant. In contrast, this paper proposes a solution for the contribution of PV power plants to the PSR that allows a completely autonomous black start process. Reactive power synchronization is used for controlling the PV inverters as virtual synchronous generators (VSG), providing grid-forming control and ensuring synchronism. During the black start process, the PV power is regulated to match the demand using a decentralized solution to share the load between multiple PV inverters. The solution has been validated to handle the most critical situations during the black start process such as the variation on the power source, i.e. irradiance, or on the supplied load and the connection to the main grid.This paper was supported by the Spanish Research Agency under project reference PID2019-106028RB-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011 033
Quantitative and ecological study of some grasshoppers population (Orth.: Acridoidea) in Sierra Espuña (Murcia, SE. España)
Utilizando diferentes técnicas estadísticas de análisis multivariante, entre ellas y de manera destacada
el análisis binario discriminante («BDA», Binary Discriminat Analysis), se definen grupos
ecológicos de poblaciones de saltamontes en relación con los tipos fisionómicos de vegetación de mayor
relevancia en Sierra Espuña.
Se estudian relaciones entre especies, y se confirma como fundamental el tipo de vegetación
como factor ambiental determinante de la distribución de las poblaciones y comunidades de acrídidos.
Se esquematizan los resultados de un cuadro-resumen de preferencias: poblaciones de saltamontes-
vegetación.Using some different statistical techniques of multivariate analysis, mainly Binary Discriminant
Analysis (BDA), ecological groups of grasshoppers populations have been defined and related to the
main physiognomic vegetation types of Sierra Espuña.
The relationships between species have also been studied and it has been confirmed that the type
of vegetation is a fundamental factor in determining the distribution of populations and communities
of Acridoidea.
Results are summarized in a comprehensive table that shows the preferences of grasshoppers
populations and vegetation
Space-Time adaptive algorithm for the mixed parabolic problem
Se presenta una estimación a posteriori del error para el problema parabólico lineal, y se diseña el correspondiente algoritmo de adaptación de malla y paso de tiempo. Para la discretización espacial se utiliza el elemento de Raviart-Thomas de menor orden y para la integración temporal la aproximación de Galerkin discontinua con paso variable. Se aplican los métodos numéricos desarrollados a varios problemas significativos que muestran la eficiencia del algoritmo desarrollado.In this paper we present an a-posteriori error estimator for the mixed formulation of a linear parabolic problem, used for designing an efficient adaptive algorithm. Our space-time discretization consists of lowest order Raviart-Thomas finite element over graded meshes and discontinuous Galerkin method with variable time step. Finally, several examples show that the proposed method is efficient and reliable
Space-Time adaptive algorithmfor the mixed parabolic problem
Se presenta una estimación a posteriori del error para el problema parabólico lineal, y se diseña el correspondiente algoritmo de adaptación de malla y paso de tiempo. Para la discretización espacial se utiliza el elemento de Raviart-Thomas de menor orden y para la integración temporal la aproximación de Galerkin discontinua con paso variable. Se aplican los métodos numéricos desarrollados a variosproblemas significativos que muestran la eficiencia del algoritmodesarrollado.In this paper we present an a-posteriori error estimator for the mixed formulation of a linear parabolic problem, used for designing an efficient adaptive algorithm. Our space-time discretization consists of lowest order Raviart-Thomas finite element over graded meshes and discontinuous Galerkin method with variable time step. Finally, several examples show that the proposed method is efficient and reliable
Quantifying small-magnitude soil erosion: geomorphic change detection at plot scale
[EN] Soil erosion is a big concern in bare soils from burnt areas and agricultural lands that lack a vegetation cover. In those unprotected soils, intense rain episodes, typical in Mediterranean climate, cause severe soil erosion processes that have been well studied previously using a number of procedures, such as the geomorphic change detection (GCD) method. This method uses digital elevation models (DEMs) of the soil surface and determines the morphological changes in terms of both erosion and deposition by DEMs of difference (DoDs). However, some types of soil erosion, such as diffuse and sheet erosion, may have a small magnitude, at a millimetre scale, and their determination requires methods adapted to that scale. In this paper, we analyse the suitability of the GCD method to account for small magnitude soil erosion. We present a laboratory procedure and setup to represent and quantify sediment budget in small experimental soil plots through differences of DEMs obtained from images using photogrammetric structure from motion. This study explores several key aspects of the technique: establishment of a common reference system for DEMs; determination of errors in the generation of DEMs; selection of appropriate criteria to obtain reliable changes in DoDs; error propagation using Monte Carlo simulation; and validation of the procedure by comparing the results with actual sediments collected during the experiment. Results showed an overestimation of 13% in accumulated soil loss and confirmed that GCD approach with structure from motion-based DoDs is a suitable method to quantify small-magnitude erosion events.Balaguer-Puig, M.; Marqués-Mateu, Á.; Lerma, JL.; Ibañez Asensio, S. (2018). Quantifying small-magnitude soil erosion: geomorphic change detection at plot scale. Land Degradation and Development. 29(3):825-834. https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.2826S82583429
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